HUGO

HUGO
   The almost invariably used term, in honour of Hugo GERNSBACK, for the Science Fiction Achievement Award; it has been an official variant of the formal title since 1958. Hugos were first awarded at the 1953 World SF CONVENTION; the idea was then dropped for a year (1954), but since 1955the awards have been annual. They have always been the amateur or fan awards as opposed to, say, the NEBULA or PHILIP K. DICK AWARD, which are voted on by different categories of professional reader. The original idea, from fan Hal Lynch, was based on the National Film Academy Awards (Oscars). The award takes the form of a rocketship mounted upright onfins. The first model was designed and produced by Jack McKnight; from 1955 a similar design by Ben Jason has normally been used. The rocketshave been cast since 1984 (except 1991) in Birmingham, UK, at the foundry of prominent fan Peter WESTON; in 1992 they were gold-plated to celebrate the 50th Worldcon.Awards are made in several classes, which have varied in definition and number from year to year. They are given primarily for fiction, but classes for editing, artwork, film and tv, fan writing and illustration have also been included; moreover, occasional unclassified special awards have been given. The rules governing awards are made, and often remade, at Worldcon business meetings, held annually. Winners in each class are chosen by ballot; since 1960 the voters have been limited annually to members of the forthcoming Worldcon (anyone can buy membership without actually attending the convention). The occasional special awards, however, are made by Worldcon committees. Voting on Hugos is always carried out postally before the convention begins; counting is done using the single transferable ballot, often known as the Australian ballot (after the system used in Australian lower-house elections), the leastsuccessful contender's votes being redistributed, using second or subsequent preferences, after each count, until one candidate has a clear majority. There was no nominating procedure up to 1958. Since 1959 there have been ballots for nominations, distributed to fans generally until 1963, when they were limited to the membership of the current and previousyear's Worldcon, except in 1965 and 1967.World conventions are held over Labor Day Weekend in September, and Hugos are given for publication oractivity in the preceding calendar year. Hence, for example, a novel which wins a 1998 Hugo will have been published in 1997 (though, if it also wins a Nebula, the latter will be known confusingly as the 1997 Nebula). "No award" votes have for many years been permitted, and have resulted occasionally in void classes. Since 1963, story series and tv series have been excluded from the short-fiction and drama classes; thus in 1968 five individual STAR TREK episodes were nominated for the drama award, while in 1962 Brian W. ALDISS was able to win the short-fiction award with aseries, the Hothouse stories.The definitions of the various categories of short fiction have varied. There was no short-fiction award in 1953. In the years 1955-9 there were only two classes of short fiction: novelette and short story. These were amalgamated 1960-66 as "short fiction"; few short stories were nominated during this period. In 1967 the novelette class was reintroduced, and a new class, novella, was included from 1968. In 1970-72 the only two classes were short story and novella. Since 1973there have again been three classes of short fiction. Since the early 1970s a novella has been defined as being 17,500-40,000 words, a noveletteas 7500-17,500 words, a short story as any fiction shorter than a novelette and a novel as any fiction longer than a novella.Since 1971, the drama category has included recordings. In 1973 the professional-magazine class changed to a professional-editor class, to acknowledge the increasing importance of original ANTHOLOGIES. In 1980 the new category of nonfiction book was added, the first award being given to the first edition of this encyclopedia, and subsequent awards have gone to books of criticism, scholarship, artwork, reminiscence and science fact: a category in which GRAPHIC NOVELS compete with encyclopedias is perhaps too much of a grab-bag; the 1989 Worldcon committee did choose specifically to exclude A Brief History of Time (1988 US) by Stephen Hawking (1942-), causingsome slight controversy. Since 1984 the new category of SEMIPROZINE has been included, for publications midway between FANZINES and professional magazines.The Hugos have for many years been subject to criticism on the grounds that awards made by a small, self-selected group of hardcore fans do not necessarily reflect either literary merit or the preferences of the sf reading public generally; hardcore FANDOM probably makes up less than 1 per cent of the general sf readership. Certainly Hugos have tended to be given to traditional HARD SF, and have seldom been awarded to experimental work, but they have been, on the whole, surprisingly eclectic. While many awards have gone to (good but) conservative writers like Poul ANDERSON, Robert A. HEINLEIN, Clifford D. SIMAK and Larry NIVEN, they have also beengiven to such doyens of the NEW WAVE as Harlan ELLISON, Roger ZELAZNY and James TIPTREE Jr, and to a number of works of literary excellence whichquite fail to conform to the standard patterns of genre expectation, such as Walter M. MILLER Jr's A CANTICLE FOR LEIBOWITZ (1959) and Ursula K. LE GUIN's The Dispossessed (1974). Neither was Fritz LEIBER's eccentric THEBIG TIME (1958; 1961), which won the award before going into book format, a traditionalist selection. The rival award, the NEBULA, is chosen by professional writers, but there is no evidence that they have consistently selected works of superior literary merit; indeed, some critics would argue the contrary case, that the Hugo voters have proved themselves marginally the more reliable judges. Though good books are often ignored, and in some years individual awards have seemed strange, the track record of the Hugos has been, on the whole, quite honourable. Another cavil is that both Hugo and Nebula, being US-centred, are notably chauvinistic, and awards to non-US writers have been rare. Nevertheless, despite all the criticisms to which both awards are readily subject, they are of real value to their recipients in increasing book sales.Up-to-date listings of the rules under which Hugo awards are made can be found in the programme booklets for each Worldcon, as Article II of the Constitution of the World Science Fiction Society. Much of the Hugo-winning short fiction isavailable in a series of anthologies edited by Isaac ASIMOV (whom see for details).
   PN
   Novels:
   1953: Alfred BESTER, THE DEMOLISHED MAN
   1955: Mark CLIFTON and Frank RILEY, They'd Rather be Right
   1956: Robert A. HEINLEIN, Double Star
   1957: no award
   1958: Fritz LEIBER, THE BIG TIME
   1959: James BLISH, A CASE OF CONSCIENCE
   1960: Robert A. Heinlein, STARSHIP TROOPERS
   1961: Walter M. MILLER Jr, A CANTICLE FOR LEIBOWITZ
   1962: Robert A. Heinlein, STRANGER IN A STRANGE LAND
   1963: Philip K. DICK, THE MAN IN THE HIGH CASTLE
   1964: Clifford D. SIMAK, WAY STATION
   1965: Fritz Leiber, THE WANDERER
   1966: Roger ZELAZNY, ". . . And Call Me Conrad" and Frank HERBERT, DUNE (tie)
   1967: Robert A. Heinlein, THE MOON IS A HARSH MISTRESS
   1968: Roger Zelazny, LORD OF LIGHT
   1969: John BRUNNER, STAND ON ZANZIBAR
   1970: Ursula K. LE GUIN, THE LEFT HAND OF DARKNESS
   1971: Larry NIVEN, RINGWORLD
   1972: Philip Jose FARMER, TO YOUR SCATTERED BODIES GO
   1973: Isaac ASIMOV, THE GODS THEMSELVES
   1974: Arthur C. CLARKE, RENDEZVOUS WITH RAMA
   1975: Ursula K. Le Guin, The Dispossessed
   1976: Joe HALDEMAN, The Forever War
   1977: Kate WILHELM, Where Late the Sweet Birds Sang
   1978: Frederik POHL, GATEWAY
   1979: Vonda N. MCINTYRE, Dreamsnake
   1980: Arthur C. CLARKE, THE FOUNTAINS OF PARADISE
   1981: Joan D. VINGE, The Snow Queen
   1982: C.J. CHERRYH, Downbelow Station
   1983: Isaac Asimov, Foundation's Edge
   1984: David BRIN, Startide Rising
   1985: William GIBSON, Neuromancer
   1986: Orson Scott CARD, Ender's Game
   1987: Orson Scott Card, Speaker for the Dead
   1988: David Brin, The Uplift War
   1989: C.J. Cherryh, CYTEEN
   1990: Dan SIMMONS, Hyperion
   1991: Lois McMaster BUJOLD, The Vor Game
   1992: Lois McMaster Bujold, Barrayar
   1993:Vernor VINGE, A FIRE UPON THE DEEP and Connie WILLIS, DOOMSDAY BOOK*
   1994: Kim Stanley ROBINSON, Green Mars
   Short fiction to 1972:
   1955 Novelette: Walter M. Miller Jr, "The Darfstellar"Short Story: Eric Frank RUSSELL, "Allamagoosa"
   1956 Novelette: Murray LEINSTER, "Exploration Team"Short Story: Arthur C. Clarke, "The Star"
   1957 No award
   1958 Short Story: Avram DAVIDSON, "Or All the Seas with Oysters"
   1959 Novelette: Clifford D. Simak, "The Big Front Yard"Short Story:Robert BLOCH, "That Hell-Bound Train"
   1960 Short Fiction: Daniel KEYES, "Flowers for Algernon"
   1961 Short Story: Poul ANDERSON, "The Longest Voyage"
   1962 Short Fiction: Brian W. ALDISS, the Hothouse series
   1963 Short Fiction: Jack VANCE, "The Dragon Masters"
   1964 Short Story: Poul Anderson, "No Truce with Kings"
   1965 Short Fiction: Gordon R. DICKSON, "Soldier, Ask Not"
   1966 Short Fiction: Harlan ELLISON, "'Repent, Harlequin!' said the Ticktockman"
   1967 Novelette: Jack Vance, "The Last Castle"Short Story: Larry Niven, "Neutron Star"
   1968 Novella: Anne MCCAFFREY, "Weyr Search" and Philip Jose Farmer, "Riders of the Purple Wage" (tie)Novelette: Fritz Leiber, "Gonna Roll Those Bones"Short Story: Harlan Ellison, "I Have no Mouth and I Must Scream"
   1969 Novella: Robert SILVERBERG, "Nightwings"Novelette: Poul Anderson, "The Sharing of Flesh"Short Story: Harlan Ellison, "The Beast that Shouted Love at the Heart of the World"
   1970 Novella: Fritz Leiber, "Ship of Shadows"Short Story: Samuel R. DELANY, "Time Considered as aHelix of Semi-Precious Stones"
   1971 Novella: Fritz Leiber, "Ill Met in Lankhmar"Short Story: Theodore STURGEON, "Slow Sculpture"
   1972 Novella: Poul Anderson, "The Queen of Air and Darkness"Short Story: Larry Niven, "Inconstant Moon"Novellas from
   1973: Ursula K. Le Guin, "The Word for World is Forest"
   1974: James TIPTREE Jr, "The Girl who Was Plugged In"
   1975: George R.R. MARTIN, "A Song for Lya"
   1976: Roger Zelazny, "Home is the Hangman"
   1977: Spider ROBINSON, "By Any Other Name" and James Tiptree Jr, "Houston, Houston, Do You Read?" (tie)
   1978: Spider and Jeanne ROBINSON, "Stardance"
   1979: John VARLEY, "The Persistence of Vision"
   1980: Barry B. LONGYEAR, "Enemy Mine"
   1981: Gordon R. Dickson, "Lost Dorsai"
   1982: Poul Anderson, "The Saturn Game"
   1983: Joanna RUSS, "Souls"
   1984: Timothy ZAHN, "Cascade Point"
   1985: John Varley, "PRESS ENTER "
   1986: Roger Zelazny, "Twenty-four Views of Mount Fuji, by Hokusai"
   1987: Robert Silverberg, "Gilgamesh in the Outback"
   1988: Orson Scott Card, "Eye for Eye"
   1989: Connie WILLIS, "The Last of the Winnebagos"
   1990: Lois McMaster Bujold, "The Mountains of Mourning"
   1991: Joe Haldeman, "The Hemingway Hoax"
   1992: Nancy KRESS, "Beggars in Spain"
   1993: Lucius SHEPARD, "Barnacle Bill the Spacer"
   1994: Harry TURTLEDOVE, "Down in the Bottomlands"
   Novelettes from 1973:
   1973: Poul Anderson, "Goat Song"
   1974: Harlan Ellison, "The Deathbird"
   1975: Harlan Ellison, "Adrift Just Off the Islets of Langerhans: Latitude 38deg 54' N, Longitude 77deg 00' 13" W"
   1976: Larry Niven, "The Borderland of Sol"
   1977: Isaac Asimov, "The Bicentennial Man"
   1978: Joan D. Vinge, "Eyes of Amber"
   1979: Poul Anderson, "Hunter's Moon"
   1980: George R.R. Martin, "Sandkings"
   1981: Gordon R. Dickson, "The Cloak and the Staff"
   1982: Roger Zelazny, "Unicorn Variation"
   1983: Connie Willis, "Fire Watch"
   1984: Greg BEAR, "Blood Music"
   1985: Octavia E. BUTLER, "Bloodchild"
   1986: Harlan Ellison, "Paladin of the Lost Hour"
   1987: Roger Zelazny, "Permafrost"
   1988: Ursula K. Le Guin, "Buffalo Gals, Won't You Come Out Tonight"
   1989: George Alec EFFINGER, "Schrodinger's Kitten"
   1990: Robert Silverberg, "Enter a Soldier. Later, Enter Another"
   1991: Michael D. RESNICK, "The Manamouki"
   1992: Isaac Asimov, "Gold"
   1993: Janet KAGAN, "The Nutcracker Coup"
   1994: Charles SHEFFIELD, "Georgia on my Mind"
   Short Stories from 1973:
   1973: R.A. LAFFERTY, "Eurema's Dam", and Frederik Pohl and C.M. KORNBLUTH, "The Meeting" (tie)
   1974: Ursula K. Le Guin, "The Ones who WalkAway from Omelas"
   1975: Larry Niven, "The Hole Man"
   1976: Fritz Leiber, "Catch that Zeppelin"
   1977: Joe Haldeman, "Tricentennial"
   1978: Harlan Ellison, "Jeffty is Five"
   1979: C.J. Cherryh, "Cassandra"
   1980: George R.R. Martin, "The Way of Cross and Dragon"
   1981: Clifford D. Simak, "Grotto of the Dancing Deer"
   1982: John Varley, "The Pusher"
   1983: Spider Robinson, "Melancholy Elephants"
   1984: Octavia E. Butler, "Speech Sounds"
   1985: DavidBrin, "The Crystal Spheres"
   1986: Frederik Pohl, "Fermi and Frost"
   1987: Greg Bear, "Tangents"
   1988: Lawrence WATT-EVANS, "Why I Left Harry's All-Night Hamburgers"
   1989: Michael D. Resnick, "Kirinyaga"
   1990: Suzy McKee CHARNAS, "Boobs"
   1991: Terry BISSON, "Bears Discover Fire"
   1992: Geoffrey Landis, "A Walk in the Sun"
   1993: Connie Willis, "Even the Queen"
   1994: Connie Willis, "Death on the Nile"
   Nonfiction book:
   1980: Peter NICHOLLS, editor, The Science Fiction Encyclopedia
   1981: Carl SAGAN, Cosmos
   1982: Stephen KING, Danse Macabre
   1983: James E. GUNN, Isaac Asimov: TheFoundations of Science Fiction
   1984: Donald H. TUCK, The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy: Volume 3: Miscellaneous
   1985: Jack WILLIAMSON, "Wonder's Child: My Life in Science Fiction"
   1986: Tom Weller, Science Made Stupid
   1987: Brian W. Aldiss with David WINGROVE, Trillion Year Spree
   1988: Michael WHELAN, Michael Whelan's Works of Wonder
   1989: Samuel R. Delany, The Motion of Light in Water
   1990: Alexei and Cory PANSHIN, The World Beyond the Hill
   1991: Orson Scott Card, How to Write Science Fiction and Fantasy
   1992: The World of Charles Addams
   1993: Harry WARNER, Jr., A Wealth of Fable: An Informal History of Science Fiction Fandom in the 1950s (this was a professional edition of a mimeographed work dated 1976)
   1994: John CLUTEand Peter Nicholls, editors, The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
   Dramatic presentation:
   1958: Outstanding movie, The INCREDIBLE SHRINKING MAN
   1960: The TWILIGHT ZONE
   1961: The Twilight Zone
   1962: The Twilight Zone
   1963: no award
   1965: Special drama, DR STRANGELOVE OR: HOW I LEARNED TO STOP WORRYING AND LOVE THE BOMB
   1967: "The Menagerie" (STAR TREK)
   1968: "City on the Edge of Forever" (Star Trek)
   1969: Drama, 2001: A SPACE ODYSSEY
   1970: Dramatic, news coverage of Apollo XI
   1971: no award
   1972: A CLOCKWORK ORANGE
   1973: SLAUGHTERHOUSE FIVE
   1974: SLEEPER
   1975: Young Frankenstein
   1976: A BOY AND HIS DOG
   1977: no award
   1978: STAR WARS
   1979: SUPERMAN
   1980: ALIEN
   1982: Raiders of the Lost Ark
   1983: BLADE RUNNER
   1984: RETURN OF THE JEDI
   1985: 2010
   1986: BACK TO THE FUTURE
   1987: ALIENS
   1988: The Princess Bride
   1989: Who Framed Roger Rabbit
   1990: Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
   1991: Edward Scissorhands
   1992: TERMINATOR 2: JUDGMENT DAY
   1993: "The Inner Light" (STAR TREK: THE NEXT GENERATION)
   1994: JURASSIC PARK
   Professional magazine:
   1955: ASF
   1956: ASF
   1957: US, ASF; UK, NEW WORLDS
   1958: FSF
   1959: FSF
   1960: FSF
   1961: ASF
   1962: ASF
   1963: FSF
   1964: ASF
   1965: ASF
   1966: IF
   1967: If
   1968: If
   1969: FSF
   1970: FSF
   1971: FSF
   1972: FSFProfessional editor:
   1973: Ben BOVA
   1974: Ben Bova
   1975: Ben Bova
   1976: Ben Bova
   1977: Ben Bova
   1978: George H. SCITHERS
   1979: Ben Bova
   1980: George H. Scithers
   1981: Edward L. FERMAN
   1982: Edward L. Ferman
   1983: Edward L. Ferman
   1984: Shawna MCCARTHY
   1985: Terry CARR
   1986: Judy-Lynn DEL REY (declined by Lester DEL REY)
   1987: Terry Carr
   1988: Gardner DOZOIS
   1989: Gardner Dozois
   1990: Gardner Dozois
   1991: Gardner Dozois
   1992: Gardner Dozois
   1993: Gardner Dozois
   1994:Kristine Kathryn RUSCHPublisher:
   1964: ACE BOOKS
   1965: BALLANTINE BOOKS
   Professional artist (early awards differently named):
   1953 Interior Illustrator: Virgil FINLAY Cover Artist: Ed EMSHWILLER and Hannes BOK (tie)
   1955Illustrator:Frank Kelly FREAS
   1956 Illustrator: Frank Kelly Freas
   1957 No award
   1958 Illustrator: Frank Kelly Freas
   1959 Illustrator: Frank Kelly Freas
   1960 Illustrator: Ed Emshwiller
   1961 Illustrator: Ed Emshwiller
   1962: Ed Emshwiller
   1963: Roy G. KRENKEL
   1964: Ed Emshwiller
   1965: John SCHOENHERR
   1966: Frank FRAZETTA
   1967: Jack GAUGHAN
   1968: Jack Gaughan
   1969: Jack Gaughan
   1970: Frank Kelly Freas
   1971: Leo and Diane DILLON
   1972: Frank Kelly Freas
   1973: Frank Kelly Freas
   1974: Frank Kelly Freas
   1975: Frank Kelly Freas
   1976: Frank Kelly Freas
   1977: Rick STERNBACH
   1978: Rick Sternbach
   1979: Vincent DI FATE
   1980: Michael WHELAN
   1981: Michael Whelan
   1982: Michael Whelan
   1983: Michael Whelan
   1984: Michael Whelan
   1985: Michael Whelan
   1986: Michael Whelan
   1987: Jim BURNS
   1988: Michael Whelan
   1989: Michael Whelan
   1990: Don MAITZ
   1991: Michael Whelan
   1992: Michael Whelan
   1993: Don Maitz
   1994: Bob EGGLETON
   Original artwork (new category from 1992):
   1992: Michael Whelan, cover for The Summer Queen(
   1991) by Joan D. Vinge, published by Warner Questar
   1993: James GURNEY, Dinotopia (1992), published by Turner
   1994: Stephen Hickman, Space Fantasy Commemorative Stamp Booklet, published by US Postal Service
   Semiprozine:
   1984: Charles N. BROWN, ed LOCUS
   1985: Charles N. Brown, ed Locus
   1986: Charles N. Brown, ed Locus
   1987: Charles N. Brown, ed Locus
   1988: Charles N. Brown, ed Locus
   1989: Charles N. Brown, ed Locus
   1990: Charles N. Brown, ed Locus
   1991: Charles N. Brown, ed Locus
   1992:Charles N. Brown, ed Locus
   1993: Andrew Porter, ed SCIENCE FICTION CHRONICLE
   1994: Andrew Porter, ed Science Fiction Chronicle
   Fan magazine/amateur publication/fanzine:
   1955: James V. Taurasi and Ray Van Houten, eds FANTASY TIMES
   1956: Ron Smith, ed Inside and Science FictionAdvertiser
   1957: James V. Taurasi, Ray Van Houten and Frank Prieto, eds Science Fiction Times (FANTASY TIMES)
   1959: Terry Carr and Ron ELLIK, eds FANAC
   1960: F.M. and Elinor BUSBY, Burnett Toskey and Wally Weber, eds Cry of the Nameless
   1961: Earl KEMP, "Who Killed Science Fiction?"
   1962: Richard Bergeron, ed WARHOON
   1963: Richard and Pat LUPOFF, eds XERO
   1964: GeorgeSCITHERS, ed Amra
   1965: Robert and Juanita COULSON, eds YANDRO
   1966: Camille Cazedessus Jr, ed ERB-dom
   1967: Ed Meskys and Felice Rolfe, eds NIEKAS
   1968: George Scithers, ed Amra
   1969: Richard E. GEIS, ed SCIENCE FICTION REVIEW
   1970: Richard E. Geis, ed Science Fiction Review
   1971: Charlie and Dena Brown, eds Locus
   1972: Charlie and Dena Brown, eds Locus
   1973: Michael Glicksohn and Susan WOOD Glicksohn, eds Energumen
   1974: Andy Porter, ed ALGOL, and Richard E. Geis, ed The ALIEN CRITIC (tie)
   1975: Richard E. Geis, ed The Alien Critic
   1976: Charlie and Dena Brown, eds Locus
   1977: Richard E. Geis, ed Science Fiction Review
   1978: Charlie and Dena Brown, eds Locus
   1979: Richard E. Geis, ed Science Fiction Review
   1980: Charlie and Dena Brown, eds Locus
   1981: Charlie and Dena Brown, eds Locus
   1982: Charlie and Dena Brown, eds Locus
   1983: Charlie and Dena Brown, edsLocus
   1984: Mike Glyer, ed FILE 770
   1985: Mike Glyer, ed File 770
   1986: George "Lan" Laskowski, ed Lan's Lantern
   1987: David LANGFORD, ed ANSIBLE
   1988: Pat Mueller, ed Texas SF Enquirer
   1989: Mike Glyer, ed File 770
   1990: Leslie Turek, ed The Mad 3 Party
   1991: George "Lan" Laskowski, ed Lan's Lantern
   1992: Dick and Nicki Lynch, eds Mimosa
   1993: Dick and Nicki Lynch, eds Mimosa
   1994:Dick and Nicki Lynch, eds Mimosa
   Fan writer:
   1967: Alexei PANSHIN
   1968: Ted WHITE
   1969: Harry WARNER, Jr
   1970: Bob (Wilson) TUCKER
   1971: Richard E. Geis
   1972: Harry Warner, Jr
   1973: Terry Carr
   1974: Susan WOOD
   1975: Richard E. Geis
   1976: Richard E. Geis
   1977: Richard E. Geis and Susan Wood (tie)
   1978: Richard E. Geis
   1979: Bob SHAW
   1980: Bob Shaw
   1981: Susan Wood
   1982: Richard E. Geis
   1983: Richard E. Geis
   1984: MikeGlyer
   1985: David Langford
   1986: Mike Glyer
   1987: David Langford
   1988: Mike Glyer
   1989: David Langford
   1990: David Langford
   1991: David Langford
   1992: David Langford
   1993: David Langford
   1994: David Langford
   Fan artist:
   1967: Jack GAUGHAN
   1968: George BARR
   1969: Vaughn BODE
   1970: Tim Kirk
   1971: Alicia Austin
   1972: Tim Kirk
   1973: Tim Kirk
   1974: Tim Kirk
   1975: William ROTSLER
   1976: Tim Kirk
   1977: Phil Foglio
   1978: Phil Foglio
   1979: William Rotsler
   1980: Alexis GILLILAND
   1981: Victoria Poyser
   1982: Victoria Poyser
   1983: Alexis Gilliland
   1984: Alexis Gilliland
   1985: Alexis Gilliland
   1986: joan hanke-woods
   1987: Brad Foster
   1988: Brad Foster
   1989: Brad Foster and Diana Gallagher Wu (tie)
   1990: Stu Shiffman
   1991: Teddy Harvia
   1992: BradFoster
   1993: Peggy Ranson
   1994: Brad Foster
   Other Hugo awards:
   1953\#1 Fan personality: Forrest J. ACKERMANExcellence in fact articles: Willy LEYNew sf author or artist: Philip Jose Farmer
   1956 Feature writer: Willy LeyMost promising new author: Robert SilverbergBook reviewer: Damon KNIGHT
   1958 Most outstanding actifan (active fan): Walter A. Willis
   1966 Best all-time series: Isaac Asimov, Foundation seriesBest Other Forms:A category added by the Committee in
   1988 and voted on, so it was not a Special Committee Award (see below). It was won by Alan MOORE and Dave GIBBONS for a GRAPHICNOVEL, WATCHMEN. However, this particular award has mysteriously disappeared from subsequent official lists of past Hugo Winners, so its status is not clear.Special Committee Awards:Not strictly Hugo awards, these have been given from time to time to people as various as Hugo Gernsback for being "The Father of Science Fiction" in
   1960, Pierre VERSINS for his L'Encyclopedie de l'Utopie et de la science fiction in 1973 and Chesley BONESTELL for his illustrations in 1974. We do not list them in full.

Science Fiction and Fantasy Encyclopedia. . 2011.

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  • HUGO — bezeichnet einen männlichen Vornamen, siehe Hugo (Vorname) Hugo ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Chad Hugo (* 1974), US amerikanischer Musikproduzent Dorette Hugo (* 1965), deutsche Synchronsprecherin Gustav von Hugo (1764 1844),… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Hugo I — es un título que puede referirse a: Contenido 1 Personajes 1.1 Reyes 1.2 Condes y duques 1.3 Nobles 1.4 …   Wikipedia Español

  • Hugo IV — es un título que puede referirse a: Reyes Hugo IV de Borgoña (1213 1271), duque de Borgoña (durante 1218 1272) y rey de Tesalónica (durante 1266 1272); Hugo IV de Chipre o de Lusignan (c. 1295–1359), rey de Chipre; Señor Hugo IV de Lusignan (c.… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Hugo [1] — Hugo, I. Regierende Fürsten: A) Könige: a) Könige von Cypern: 1) H. I., Sohn Almarichs, folgte seinem Vater 1205 unter der Regentschaft Walthers von Montbelliard u. st. 1219 in Tripolis auf der Rückkehr von einem Kriege gegen den König von… …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Hugo — Hugo, CO U.S. town in Colorado Population (2000): 885 Housing Units (2000): 440 Land area (2000): 0.964824 sq. miles (2.498882 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 0.964824 sq. miles (2.498882 sq. km) …   StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places

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